轴承故障在线检测系统设计说明书

毕业设计报告（2012届）题目轴承故障在线检测系统设计专业电气工程与自动化班级 08063011学号 08061343学生姓名指导教师学期 2011～2012第二学期完成日期 2012年月日

诚信承诺

我谨在此承诺：本人所写的毕业论文《轴承故障在线检测系统设计》均系本人独立完成，没有抄袭行为，凡涉及其他作者的观点和材料，均作了注释，若有不实，后果由本人承担。承诺人（签名）：年月日摘要滚动轴承是机械中最重要的部件之一，也是机电系统中最容易损坏的部件之一。先进的轴承振动监测与分析技术，不仅能保证滚动轴承设备安全和高效地运行，而且还能避免巨额的经济损失和灾难性事故的发生，因此轴承振动信号监测是当前工业发展一个重要研究课题。首先，文章详细分析了滚动轴承的故障机理及其振动类型,并介绍了一些简易诊断指标。简易介绍了滚动轴承故障的诊断方法，详细介绍了滚动轴承故障的简易诊断方法―时域特征参数法，对该方法中的信号预处理部分和时域特征指标作了详细的分析。然后，本文详细介绍了采用振动信号监测法对滚动轴承进行故障诊断过程中包含的信号采集、特征提取、状态识别、故障分析和决策干预等五个基本环节并设计了模拟信号调理、A/D转换、数字信号处理及通信硬件电路。模拟信号调理电路对输入的信号进行调理，以达到系统和模数转换器(ADC)采样的要求；单片机作为系统的核心部件，对实时数据进行处理，并将实时故障数据通过CAN总线上传给上位机。最后，就本监测系统的特点，本文对软件模块程序流程进行了设计。

关键词：轴承故障；故障检测；在线监测；FIR滤波器；CAN通信ABSTRACTRolling bearing is one of the most important mechanical elements and also one of the most easily damaged Parts of electromechanical systems. Advanced bearing vibration monitoring and analysis technology can not only ensure equipment to run safely and efficiently but also can avoid huge economic losses and catastrophic accidents. In the current industrial development the bearing vibration signal monitoring becomes an important research topic.Firstly, in this paper, based on the study of the vibration Principle and fault types of bearing, the means of the fault diagnosis of rolling bearing are also introduced in detail. Some time-domain characteristic features which are employed for early detection and identiﬁcation of bearing defects in rotating machinery are introduced in detail.Then, the thesis briefly introduced the five links in the vibration signal monitoring method of rolling bearing fault diagnosis process, including signal acquisition, feature extraction, state recognition ,failure analysis and Decision intervention. and the designed the hardware circuit of analog signal conditioning, A/D conversion, digital signal Processing and communication. The input signal is Processed by Analog signal conditioning circuit in order to achieve ADC sampling requirements. The data is processed by the core of the system components―micro-controller C8051F043 and the real-time failure data is uploaded to the host PC via CAN BUS.At last, the program flow of software modules are designed according to the charact- -eristics of the rolling bearing monitoring system.

Keywords: bearing faults；defect detect；online monitoring；FIR filter；CAN communication

目录1 绪论 11.1故障诊断的内容与意义 11.2故障诊断技术的发展 21.3轴承故障检测的国内外现状及发展趋势 31.3.1轴承故障检测的国内外现状 31.3.2轴承故障检测的发展趋势 41.4本文内容及总体框架 52 滚动轴承的故障分析 72.1滚动轴承的振动信号分析 72.1.1滚动轴承的结构与振动机理 72.1.2滚动轴承振动信号的频率组成 92.2滚动轴承常见的故障及其特征 102.2.1滚动轴承常见故障类型 102.2.2滚动轴承主要故障分析 112.3滚动轴承故障的检测方法 112.3.1基于振动的诊断方法 112.3.2其它简易诊断方法 122.3.3精密诊断方法 133 滚动轴承振动信号的时域特征参数法 153.1 信号的预处理 153.2 振动信号的时域特征参数分析 164 轴承故障在线检测系统设计 194.1总体架构设计 194.2 单片机检测系统 194.2.1单片机的选择 204.2.2 单片机核心电路 214.2.3传感器的选择 224.2.4滤波电路 244.2.5 A/D转换 264.3 通信模块 274.3.1 CAN总线简介 274.3.2 CAN总线的技术特点 284.3.3 CAN总线的技术规范 284.3.4 CAN总线通信模块的设计 315 检测装置软件设计 355.1系统软件的总体设计 355.2 各模块软件设计 375.2.1 按键检测模块 375.2.2 数据采集模块 375.2.2 简易诊断与报警模块 385.2.3 报警模块 415.2.4 通信模块 416 总结 44参考文献 45致谢 46