fpga开发板设计与实现

摘要

FPGA即现场可编程门阵列，它是在可编程阵列逻辑PAL，门阵列逻辑GAL，可编程逻辑器件PLD等可编程器件的基础上进一步发展的产物。它是作为专用集成电路ASIC领域中的一种半定制电路而出现的，既解决了定制电路的不足，又克服了原有可编程器件门电路数有限的缺点。FPGA能完成任何数字器件的功能，上至高性能CPU,下至简单的74系列电路，都可以用FPGA来实现。FPGA如同一张白纸或是一堆积木，工程师可以通过传统的原理图输入法或是硬件描述语言自由设计一个数字系统。通过软件仿真，我们可以事先验证设计的正确性。在PCB完成以后，还可以利用FPGA的在线修改能力，随时修改设计而不必改动硬件电路。使用FPGA来开发数字电路，可以大大缩短设计时间，减少PCB面积，提高系统的可靠性。采用FPGA设计ASIC电路，用户不需要投片生产，就能得到合用的芯片。运用protel开发软件，通过对通用型FPGA开发板的原理图设计与PCB印制电路板的制作，深入了解FPGA的接口功能与拓展电路的功能原理及应用，对出现的问题进行分析与解决，从而对FPGA芯片功能的认识以及对FPGA拓展电路的认识，进而学会FPGA产品的开发与应用。

关键词：FPGA；开发板；BJ-EPM240 CPLD；pcb

ABSTRACT

FPGA is the field programmable gate array, which is the product of further development based on the programmable array logic PAL, gate array logic GAL, programmable logic device PLD and other programmable devices. It appears as a kind of semi-custom circuit in the field of application-specific integrated circuit ASIC, which not only solves the defect of the custom circuit, but also overcomes the shortcomings of the limited number of original programmable devices. FPGA can complete the function of any digital device, up to high-performance CPU, down to a simple 74 series circuit, can use FPGA to achieve. FPGAs are like a piece of white paper or stacked wood. Engineers can freely design a digital system through traditional schematic input methods or hardware description languages. Through software simulation, we can verify the correctness of the design in advance. After the PCB is completed, it is also possible to use the on-line modification capabilities of the FPGA to modify the design at any time without changing the hardware circuit. Using FPGAs to develop digital circuits can greatly reduce design time, reduce PCB area, and increase system reliability. FPGA design ASIC circuit, users do not need to shoot production, you can get a shared chip. Using protel development software, through the schematic design of general-purpose FPGA development board and PCB printed circuit board production, in-depth understanding of FPGA interface functions and extended circuit functional principles and applications, the analysis of the problems and solutions, The understanding of the functions of the FPGA chip and understanding of the FPGA extension circuit, and then learn the development and application of FPGA products.

Keywords:FPGA; development board; BJ-EPM240 CPLD; pcb

第1章引言1

第2章FPGA及开发板2

2.1 FPGA2

2.2 FPGA工作原理2

2.3 FPGA的配置模式3

2.4 FPGA开发板3

第3章BJ-EPM240 CPLD芯片介绍4

3.1BJ-EPM240 CPLD芯片简介4

3.2芯片的技术资料4

3.3芯片的端口及功能分析5

第4章FPGA开发板原理图设计9

4.1 FPGA开发板设计目标9

4.2 FPGA开发板结构框图9

4.3子模块原理图设计10

4.3.1电源电路及原理图设计10

4.3.2BJ-EPM240 CPLD芯片电源接口14

4.3.3 MSEL端口15

4.3.4全局时钟引脚CLK15

4.3.5 nCONFIG复位电路配置接口16

4.3.6配置芯片EPCS417

4.3.7 JTAG配置接口18

4.3.8 RS232串口电路19

4.3.9数码管电路20

4.3.10 LED指示灯电路22

4.3.11蜂鸣器24

4.3.12矩阵键盘25

4.3.13独立按键开关电路26

4.4 FPGA开发板完整原理图设计27

4.4.1完整原理图27

4.4.2电气规则检测（ERC）28

4.4.3创建网络表28

第5章FPGA开发板PCB版图设计30

5.1画元件封装库文件30

5.2 FPGA开发板PCB版图设计34

5.2.1打开PCB版图设计窗口34

5.2.2载入网络表34

5.2.3元件布局35

5.2.4排列元件36

5.2.5画禁止布线层36

5.2.6隐藏元件名称37

5.2.7布线38

5.2.8铺铜39

5.2.9 DRC设计规程校验39

5.2.10打印输出39

第6章结论40

参考文献41

致谢42

附录1 FPGA开发板原理图全图43

附录2 FPGA开发板版图44

附录3 FPGA开发板元件清单45

How to Formalize FPGA Hardware Design46

如何正式进行FPGA硬件设计49